Abstract

The Research and Development(R & D) activity Plays active role in the development process in the various countries of the world. it is a dynamic and decisive element in a competitive boost the economy, and it build a knowledge-based economy which is a key to achieve the needed economic diversification especially in oil economies during the economic crisisas a result of the deterioration of oil prices in global markets . The study aims to identify the reality of scientific research and development in the Arab countries through the review and analysis of a range of relevant inputs and outputs of scientific research and development indicators. In addition , identifiying the most important challenges facing the scientific research activity, and ways to meet those challenges. The study assumes that there is a weakness in the human and financial resources for scientific research and development in the Arab countries, in addition to the low output of scientific research and technological development. The researchers have adopted a descriptive analytical method, based on the data available in the international organizations and the reports of bodies, particularly the World Bank, the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the World Intellectual Property Organization(WIPO). The study is divided into an introduction and three sections and a conclusion, the first section dealt with the emergence of Arab Research and Studies centers, while the second section focused on the outcomes of scientific research and development which has been in Almagest ,the third review of the most important challenges facing the process of scientific research and development in universities and centers of Arab research. The study set some conclusions and recommendations which focused on increased spending on scientific research and development, and to direct the policy of scientific research about related issues to address the problems of research afflicting the Arab rights, particularly food security issues, and a lack of water resources, drought and desertification, climate change, and other economic, social and environmental issues.

Doi: 10.52113/6/2017-7-2/7-22